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Concentration and speciation of trace metals in the marine environment

Physico-chemical characterization of species of trace metals at natural concentration level in the marine environment, using electrochemical methods, is presented. The fate and bioavailability of released toxic metals in aquatic systems strongly depend directly on chemical forms of dissolved metals. Recent results of the ELANI EU-493 EUREKA (EUROMAR) Project: "Development of Electroanalytical Instrumentation for Physico-Chemical Characterization of Trace Metals in the Marine Environment" are presented. The aim of the Project is development of a highly sensitive, reproducible, selective and automated electrochemical system suitable to recognize and measure trace metals concentrations and species distribution in the marine environment. The system uses few different sensing techniques as well as innovative hardware and software for automatic determination of different physico-chemical states and reactivity of the dissolved trace metals. The multi-national participants in the Project are experts in sampling and application of electrochemical instrumentation for measuring trace metals for years. The firm ECO CHEMIE B.V. is the manufacturer of the appropriate digital electroanalytical instrumentation. The joint working group suceeded in operationalizing the up-to-date knowledge by introducing the specific automation into the program resulting in the measuring system "ELANI" described here. The measuring system has additionally been developed by combining special electrochemical cells, working electrodes, systems for efficient stirring of the solution all synchronized with the automatic burettes, pumps and valves, and supported by specifically developed software which controls the measuring procedure and enables required data treatment. These requirements are fulfilled by developing three modes of electrochemical techniques: cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV), anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA), which are complementary with specific advantages

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