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Solid-Phase Transitions of Catanionic Surfactants

A series of catanionic surfactants were prepared by making an equimolar mixture of cationic and anionic surfactants, both containing an isomer of the same chain length. The prepared compounds exhibited complex thermal behavior, characterized by several successive phase transitions in the solid state as proved by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and optical birefringence observation using a polarizing microscope. On heating, three main phase transitions were observed for all compounds; solid crystalline-solid crystalline, solid crystalline-liquid crystalline, and liquid crystalline-isotropic liquid.

catanionic surfactants; liquid crystals; polymorphism; thermal analysis; X-ray diffraction

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