engleski

Chelators as Antidotes of Metal Toxicity: Therapeutic and Experimental Aspects

The clinical use of chelating drugs as antidotes to metal toxicity are reviewed, together with the in vivo effects of their synthetic homologues and new chelating agents. Concise facts on toxic effects observed following human exposure to several elements such as lead, cadmium, mercury, manganese, aluminum, iron, copper, thallium, arsenic, chromium, nickel, and platinum, are given. Pharmacokinetic data, clinical use and adverse effects of the majority of chelating drugs used in human metal poisoning, are briefly summarized, i.e. dimercaprol (BAL), succimer (meso-DMSA), unithiol (DMPS), D-penicillamine (DPA), N-acetyl-D-penicillamine (NAPA), calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (CaNa2EDTA), calcium trisodium or zinc trisodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (CaNa3DTPA, ZnNa3DTPA), deferoxamine (DFO), deferiprone (L1), triethylenetetraamine (trientine), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and Prussian blue (PB). The in vivo effects of three groups of synthetic chelators, namely the polyaminopolycarboxylic acids (EDTA and DTPA), derivatives of BAL (DMPS, DMSA and mono- and dialkylesters of DMSA), and carbodithioates, are also described. In addition to many other factors there is strong evidence, based upon experiments in young and adult animals, that the efficacy of chelation treatment can be influenced by age.

chelating agents; BAL derivatives; carbodithioates; deferiprone; deferoxamine; D-penicillamine; polyaminopolycarboxylic acids; metals; metal toxicity

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