engleski

Nutrition and life-style in relation to bone health and body weight in Croatian postmenopausal women

To investigate the association of various nutrients and other life style modifiers with weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in 120 healthy Croatian postmenopausal women. Hip and spine BMD was assessed by Lunar-prodigy (GE Medical Systems). Nutrient assessment from 3-day dietary records was analyzed from the USDA Food Composition Tables, while complex dishes, typical for the area, were analyzed by asking for recipes and calculating the nutrient content utilizing the table generated by the Croatian National Institute of Public Health. Subjects were also asked to record the consumption of alcohol, coffee, tea and mineral waters (MW), amount of salt added to foods and smoking habits. A questionnaire about physical activity assessed recreational activities, walking and heavy housework as hours/week. Spot urine samples were analyzed for calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and zinc normalized by creatinine. The reliability of spot-urine samples was examined by comparing them with the 24-h urine samples collected simultaneously in smaller number of subjects. Consumption of MW was inversely associated with weight/BMI and so were dietary fiber and magnesium. Urinary sodium, magnesium and potassium, as well as alcohol consumption were positively related with hip and spine BMD in multiple regression models (controlled for years-since-menopause, weight and/or height). Urinary calcium showed negative relationship with hip BMD. Urinary sodium, magnesium and potassium as well as moderate alcohol consumption are positively while urinary calcium is negatively associated with BMD of various skeletal sites. Consumption of MW, higher fiber and magnesium intake were beneficial for weight/BMI in this population of apparently healthy Croatian women.

Spot-urine; 24-h urine; urinary sodium and calcium; mineral water; magnesium; potassium; alcohol consumption

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