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Fatty Acid Composition of Spleen and Adipose Tissue in Rats Fed Fat-Free Diet

Evidence indicates that feeding diets differing in fatty acid composition can induce changes in membrane structure and function. Fat-free diets, developed in order to reduce the growing incidence of obesity and cardiovascular disorders, are poor in essential linoleic and linolenic fatty acids. The aim of our study was to elucidate the influence of such a diet on the composition of fatty acids in spleen and adipose tissue of rats. Male Wistar rats, 2 months old, were divided into two groups and fed two different diets: (i) standard laboratory chow as the control diet (CD) and (ii) the fat free diet (FFD), prepared in our laboratory. Animals were housed under controlled temperature (20 - 25 oC) and light conditions (12 h light/12 h dark) with free access to food and water. After two weeks they were sacrificed by heart vein puncture and total lipids were extracted by CHCl3:CH3OH mixtures from spleen and adipose tissues. After methanolysis, the composition of fatty acid methyl esters was determined by GC-MS chromatography. Changes in the fatty acid composition of lipids from adipose tissue of rats fed fat-free diet for two weeks were characterized by the decrease in the ratio of palmitoleic acid, with concomitant increase in the ratio of linoleic acid. In the fatty acid composition of lipids from rat spleen after the FFD, the decrease in the palmitoleic acid ratio was detected. It can be concluded that in the fatty acid composition of lipids from spleen and adipose tissue of rats fed FFD a moderate substitution of lacking essential fatty acids with endogenously synthesized unsaturated fatty acids was induced.

rat; fat-free diet; spleen; adipose tissue; fatty acid

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