engleski

Recovery plan for the endangered western lily (Lilium occidentale)

The western lily occurs in early successional bogs or coastal scrub on poorly drained soils, usually those underlain by an iron pan or poorly permeable clay layer. Populations are found at low elevations, from almost sea level to about 100 meters (300 ft.) in elevation, and from ocean-facing bluffs to about 6 kilometers (4 miles) inland. The primary threats to the western lily are: (1) human modification or destruction ofhabitat ; (2) competitive exclusion during natural secondary succession ; and (3) grazing by deer, livestock, elk, and small mammals. Secondary threats are: (1) human depredation ; (2) insect herbivory ; (3) fungal, viral, or bacterial infection ; and potentially (4) random loss of genetic variability in small populations. Site-specific recommendations are provided. The western lily can be downlisted to threatened when at least 20 viable populations are protected and managed to assure their continued existence. The 20 populations must be distributed among 6 recovery areas, roughly in proportion to their original relative abundances. For the purposes ofthis plan, a viable population includes at least 1, 000 flowering plants, and a population structure indicating stable or increasing plant numbers.

western lily; Lilium occidentale; endangered; recovery plan

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