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3D topography of laboratory craters and their comparison with Martian impact craters

We performed a series of experiments with explosion-induced craters in stone powder surfaces of a negligible material strength. The obtained craters are centimeters in size and fit into the gravity regime of simple craters. Their depth to diameter ratio is nicely aligned with fresh impact craters on Mars of several meters to several kilometers in size [41stLPSC, Abstract \#1428]. A scatter around the depth-diameter trend observed in small fresh Martian craters is similar to the scatter of our cratering data produced by non-spherical explosive charges of various shapes. This suggests that the formation of Martian craters is influenced by the shape of the impactors. Craters excavated by cylindrically-shaped charges buried just below the surface were scanned in 3D to produce a high-accuracy digital topography of their shape. The device GOM-ATOS-I used for digitizing the craters is based on the principle of stereo-photogrammetry in terms of projecting structured light patterns onto the surface of the object and capturing the image using two CCD cameras, each with resolution of 1032x776 pixels. Different line patterns are projected onto the surface in a time sequence to enable simple identification of the spatial positions of measurement points. Based on the stereo scans of the deformed projected lines and using triangulation, the 3D shape of the surface is determined accordingly.

3D Topography; laboratory craters; Mars; impact craters

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