engleski

Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Adults from an Adriatic Island of Croatia

The Adriatic islanders have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome yet have traditionally practiced an active lifestyle and adherence to a Mediterranean diet. This cross-sectional study of adults (n1442, aged
20 years) determined whether components of the metabolic syndrome, e.g., body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference (WC), serum triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HDL-cholesterol, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), in this population were related to an altered pattern of the traditional Mediterranean diet. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, consisting of common foods of Croatia, was used to assess dietary intake. Principal component analysis was applied to derive dietary patterns. Six dietary patterns were revealed explaining 51.1% of the total dietary variance. Pattern 1: meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, potatoes, baked-goods, cereals, lentils, andplant oil, Pattern 2: sweets, juices/drinks, baked-goods, dairy-foods, eggs, and solid fats, and Pattern 3: fruits, nuts and olive-oilwerepositively associated with HDL-cholesterol (p0.001, p0.001and p0.011, respectively). Pattern 2 was positively associated with BMI (p0.009), FPG (p0.001) and DBP (p0.011). Pattern 5: alcohol and cereals was positively associated with WC (p0.013) and negatively association with FPG (p0.006). Pattern 4: fruits, potatoes, juices/drinks and plant-oil, and Pattern 6: olive-oil and solid fats were not associated with any metabolic component. Our study suggests that the Croatian diet is diverse with no one pattern conforming to the traditional Mediterranean diet ; the Croatian dietary pattern characterized by sweet foods and drinks, baked goods, dairy, eggs, and solid fats was associated with a greater clustering of metabolic risk factors.

diet; metabolic syndrome; Adriatic islands; anthropology

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