engleski

Imidiazolium based ionic liquids : Effects of different anions and alkyl chains lengths on the barley seedlings

We studied the effects of five imidiazolium based ionic liquids with different anions and length of alkyl chains linked to imidazolium ring on the early development of barley (Hordeum vulgare). The inhibitory effect depends on the ionic liquids concentration and chemical structure, whereby the most toxic one was [C10mim][Br], followed by [C7mim][Br], [C4mim][Br], [C4mim][CH3CO2] and [C4mim][BF4]. Both anion and cation structure affected the toxicity of ionic liquid indicating that selection of more biocompatible anion such as [CH3CO2] does not necessary lead to lower toxicity. As expected, alternation in extend of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities were found due to different ionic liquids treatments. When seedlings were exposed to higher concentrations of ionic liquids, antioxidant system could not effectively remove reactive oxidative species, leading to lipid peroxidation and damage of the photosynthetic system. However, overall data indicate that the best barely seedling performance were obtained when all measured enzymes involved in ROS scavenging were increased with special emphasis on GPX activities, which showed the most evident differences between exposures to at least and the most toxic ionic liquid. Since there are no studies of ILs toxicity in plant which simultaneously evaluates the antioxidative enzyme system in response to different ILs, this work is valuable for gaining knowledge about the protection mechanism of barley from oxidative stress caused by ionic liquids exposure and could contribute to the better understanding of ionic liquid toxicity mechanisms.

antioxidative enzymes; barley seedlings; ionic liquids; oxidative stress; phytotoxicity

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