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Evaluation of bioactive composition and biological effect of mint extract on human larynx and lung carcinoma cell lines

Medicinal herbs and spices have traditionally been used as flavourings and they are widely dispersed as remedies in natural medicine, since they possess numerous beneficial properties on human health. Their positive sides in treatments of diseases are attributed to their rich phytochemical composition, with antioxidant polyphenols playing a key role. Bioactive characterization and biological effect of aqueous mint (Mentha piperita L.) extract on human larynx cancer cell line (Hep2) and lung carcinoma cells (A549) were evaluated in this study. Dried mint leaves were prepared by two conventional techniques, simulating infusion (80°C) and decoction (100°C) preparation techniques. Mint extracts (MEs) were characterized for their proximate composition, contents of polyphenolic compounds and soluble polysaccharides and antioxidant capacity (AC). Polyphenolics determination included spectrophotometric analyses of total polyphenols and flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, hidroxycinnamic acids, flavons, proanthocyanidins, tannins, while for determination of specific polyphenolic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was applied. AC was estimated spectrophotometrically by ABTS (2, 2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Fe(III)-3-pyridyl-triazine) assays. The ME characterized by higher polyphenolic yield was freeze dried and estimated for cytotoxic and prooxidative activities on larynx and lung carcinoma cells lines after two hours of treatment. Cell survival percentage was determined by Neutral red (NR) test, and free radicals level was measured by 2", 5" dichlorofluoresceine diacetate (DCFDA) method. ME exhibited high total polyphenol content, ranging from 60.64-70.04 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry sample weight. ME prepared by lower extraction temperature was revealed as more efficient in terms of providing a higher polyphenolic yield and AC, especially with regard to tannins content, which significantly could influence the sensory properties of herbal infusions. HPLC assay revealed rosmarinic acid as the most aboundant phenolic acid. Cytotoxicity results showed that bioactive compounds decreased cell survival for 25% (Hep2), and for 75% (A549), pointing lung carcinoma cells as more susceptible to cytotoxic effect of ME. Free radicals were not induced in these cell lines, but on the contrary, lower concentrations decreased basal level of free radicals in comparison to negative control. The obtained results suggest that moderate intake of prepared mint extract, due to its bioactive composition and biological activity could be useful in different pharmaceutical or food applications.

Biological effect; Mint extracts bioactives; Larynx cancer cell line; Lung carcinoma cells

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