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Profile analysis of clustered European countries based on selected variables impacting the e- commerce realized by individuals (CROSBI ID 654373)

Prilog sa skupa u zborniku | izvorni znanstveni rad | međunarodna recenzija

Dumičić, Ksenija ; Žmuk, Berislav ; Mihajlović, Iris Profile analysis of clustered European countries based on selected variables impacting the e- commerce realized by individuals // Proceedings of the World Statistics Congress - WSC, ISI2017, 16-21 July 2017, Marrakech, Morocco. Amsterdam: International Statistical Institute (ISI), 2017. str. 1-6

Podaci o odgovornosti

Dumičić, Ksenija ; Žmuk, Berislav ; Mihajlović, Iris

engleski

Profile analysis of clustered European countries based on selected variables impacting the e- commerce realized by individuals

E-commerce is becomes more and more popular in European countries. It includes business transactions arise either as business-to- business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to- consumer or consumer-to-business. Using exploratory data and hierarchical cluster analysis, this research investigates Internet purchases by individuals, with the last online purchase: in the 12 months, percentage of all individuals having 16-74 years of age (IntPurch), as the main variable under study, using official Eurostat data from 2015 (IntPurch15). Increasing of IntPurch for EU28 countries in average from 30% in 2007 to 55% in 2015, resulted with the ordinary least squares estimated first order linear trend for that period showing the trend slope of 2.82% yearly, with the coefficient of determination 0.9944. Recent analysis of this phenomenon shows that in 2007 the top countries were Sweden and UK, both with 53%, the Netherlands (55%), and Denmark (56%), whereas in 2015 these were Sweden (76%), Luxembourg (78%), Denmark (82%), than UK (83%), which witnesses the substantial increase for all this leading countries. At the bottom, in 2007 there were Bulgaria and Romania (3%), Lithuania (6%), and Croatia (7%). In 2015 all there countries perform better, and the lowest percentages of individuals who purchase within the last 12 months online shown to be for Romania (12%), Bulgaria (17%), Italy and Cyprus (both 29%). In the further multivariate analysis, four additional variables were introduced based on the 2015 official data, with a few exceptions of needed data estimates because of lack of data for this particular year. These variables are: GDP per capita in PPS, index, EU-28=100, 2015 (GDPpc) ; Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP), 2014 (ExpEduc) ; Percentage of individuals using the Internet, 2015 (IntPurch) ; and Idividuals' level of Internet skills, % of the total number of individuals aged 16 to 74, individuals who have carried out 1 or 2 of the 6 Internet related activities, 2013 (IntSkill). After excluding outlying data for GDPpc for Luxembourg, , and after conducting the hierarchical clustering with the Ward linkage and squared Euclidean distances, Bulgaria, the FYR of Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Turkey countries comprise their own Cluster 2, having in average the lowest level for IntPurch. Furthermore, the supplementary four variables, except the variable IntSkill, are considerably lower than at other clusters of countries. On the other side, countries from Cluster 1 (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden) and Cluster 4 (Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) have the highest, almost the same, IntPurch level. They achieved such high level despite quite different values of supplementary variables. However, they both have in common very high GDPpc, which could be seen as the main determinant of IntPurch level. Cluster 3 covered Czech Republic, Estonia, Spain, Croatia, Malta, Slovenia, and Slovakia. Finally, Cluster 5 included Greece, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland and Portugal.

European countries ; hierarchical cluster analysis ; profile plot ; Ward linkage

Acknowledgment: This work has been fully supported by Croatian Science Foundation under the project STatistical Modelling for REspoNse to Crisis and Economic GrowTH in WeStern Balkan Countries -STRENGTHS (project no. IP-2013-9402)

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Podaci o prilogu

1-6.

2017.

objavljeno

Podaci o matičnoj publikaciji

Proceedings of the World Statistics Congress - WSC, ISI2017, 16-21 July 2017, Marrakech, Morocco

Amsterdam: International Statistical Institute (ISI)

978-90-73592-36

Podaci o skupu

ISI World Statistics Congress - WSC, ISI2017

poster

16.07.2017-21.07.2017

Marrakesh, Maroko

Povezanost rada

nije evidentirano