engleski

Green solvents for green extraction of biologically active compounds

According to the principles of green chemistry, the selection of a suitable solvent is based on workers' safety (toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, absorption through the skin and respiratory system), process safety (flammability, explosiveness, volatility, creating the potential peroxide), environment protection (ecotoxicity, persistence, groundwater contamination, destruction of the ozone layer) and the sustainability of the process (the ability of recycling and repeated use possibility) meaning that green solvent should be chemically and physically stable, low volatility, easy to use and easy to recycle with the possibility of reuse. Over the last few years, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been dramatically expanding in popularity as promising alternatives to traditional organic solvents. NADES may be considered as ‘designer solvents’ due to their numerous structural variations and possibility to design their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, NADES are based on compounds that are safe for human consumption which opens numerous possibilities for their applications in the field of life sciences. One of the applications of NADES is the extraction of biologically active compounds from plant material. A few studies, in which NADES have been applied for the extraction of bioactive compounds, showed that many compounds are dissolved better than in water or lipids. Independently of target compounds, in order to design efficient extraction methods by using NADES, following steps should be included: (1) selection and fine-tuned NADES physicochemical characteristic, (2) selection and optimization of extraction method and, (3) recovery of target compounds from NADES if it is necessary. Herein, a brief overview of the up to date knowledge regarding these solvents, with special emphasis on extraction of phenolic compounds from grape pomace, will be presented.

grape pomace, green extraction, natural deep eutectic solvents, phenolic compounds

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