hrvatski

Obrada smetnji u sustavima telekom operatera uzrokovanih grmljavinskim nevremenom

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je predstaviti način na koji telekom operater otklanja smetnje na opremi uzrokovane grmljavinom te analizirati uočene spoznaje. U drugom poglavlju rada, predstavljeni su sustavi koje telekom operater koristi za detekciju pogrešaka u radu opreme i isporuci usluga. Pojašnjen je zahtjev za uslugom kao temeljni element korespondencije između elemenata sustava te je pružen primjer ukapčanja novog korisnika. U trećem poglavlju naglasak je stavljen na predstavljanje sustava koji definiraju odnose između samih fizičkih elemenata mreže. Pokazano je kako se optimalno i pouzdano vrši dijagnostika ispada nad tim fizičkim elementima. Objašnjena je uloga portala za upravljanje radnim nalozima TMS (engl. Ticket Management System) kao bitnog posrednika unutar centra za upravljanje uslugama SMC-a (engl. Service Management Center), u cilju određivanja prioriteta pri otklanjanju smetnje uzrokovane grmljavinom. U četvrtom poglavlju su obrađene grmljavine koje uzrokuju ispade u telekom mreži. Pokazan je način detekcije grmljavina preko njihovog elektromagnetskog zračenja u području vrlo niskih frekvencija i niskih frekvencija. Zatim je obrađen LINET (engl. Lightning International Network in Europe) sustav koji sa svojim senzorima sistematizira vrijednosti detekcije grmljavine i omogućava drugim pravnim osobama njihovo korištenje. Kroz peto poglavlje je predstavljena SLAP (Sustav Lociranja Atmosferskih Pražnjenja) web usluga, koja pronalazi grmljavine unutar zajedničke LINET baze podataka te ih isporučuje pravnim osobama poput telekom operatera. U šestom poglavlju su obrađeni algoritmi telekom operatera koji koriste SLAP web uslugu za automatsku detekciju ispada elemenata prouzrokovanih grmljavinom u telekom mreži. U sedmom poglavlju je provedena analiza podataka kroz obradu povijesnog pregleda otklanjanja grmljavinskih ispada kao i samih količina grmljavina tokom cijele godine za jedog nacionalnog telekom operatera. Iz usporedbe je vidljiva korelacija koja ukazuje na to da se povećavanjem broja grmljavina, istodobno povećava i broj smetnji u telekomunikacijskoj mreži uzrokovanim grmljavinom. Također su pritom uočeni i sezonski ekstremi, gdje ljeti ima vrlo mnogo grmljavina, dok je zimi period s ekstremno niskim brojem grmljavina. Uzrok tomu je nagib planete Zemlje od osi rotacije prema ekliptici, koji se mijenja tokom kalendarske godine. To ima za posljedicu da su dijelovi ionosfere izloženi različitim razinama elektromagnetskog zračenja, što dalje određuje i samu grmljavinsku aktivnost ne samo na lokalnoj razini nego i globalno, kroz različite pojase geografske širine i geografske dužine. Prilikom grmljavinskom udara u blizinu ili u sam element telekomunikacijske mreže, naboj će se u pravilu isprazniti odnosno uzemljiti u točku sa najnižim otporom, što znači da najčešće stradava terminalna oprema poput IAD-a (engl. Integrated Access Device), i to u 94 % slučajeva. Postoje opći pokazatelji da odnos nadmorske visine lokacije, prisutnosti vodenih površina i vegetacija, pogoduju višem broju grmljavinskih dana. Tokom posljednjih 10 godina uočen je trend opadanja srednje struje pri grmljavinskom udaru na području Hrvatske. Evidentno je da to korelira sa povećanjem broja grmljavina u istom periodu, pa se ukupan atmosferski naboj rasprši na više slabijih munja.s Prednost korištenja automatskih sustava pri otklonu smetnje uzrokovane grmljavinom je demonstrirana na stvarnoj telekom mreži kroz korištenje TMS portala, gdje je uočljivo da TMS automatika brže otklanja smetnju uzrokovanu grmljavinom od otklanjanja općenite smetnje koju djelatnik SMC ručno odrađuje.// The aim of this graduate thesis is to present the way in which a telecom operator eliminates disturbance of equipment caused by lighting and to analyze the perceived knowledge. In the second chapter, the systems that the telecom operator uses to detect faults in equipment operation and delivery of services are presented. The service request was clarified as the basic element of correspondence between the system elements and an example of a new user activation is described. In the third chapter, the emphasis is placed on the representation of systems that define relationships between the network physical elements themselves. It has been shown how optimal and reliable diagnostics of faults caused by lighting can be performed. The role of the Ticket Management System (TMS) as an essential mediator within the SMC (Service Management Center) has been explained in order to prioritize the elimination of faults caused by lighting. The fourth chapter deals with thunderstorms that cause dropouts in the telecom network. The detection of lightning strikes through their electromagnetic radiation is demonstrated in the area of very low frequencies and low frequencies. The LINET (Lightning International Network in Europe) system was then presented with explanation of system lighting detection through corresponding sensors and also by introducing access to the LINET database by legal third parties. Through the fifth chapter, the SLAP (The Atmosphere Disposal Locating System) web service is introduced, which finds the thunders inside the common LINET database and delivers them to legal entities such as telecom operators. The sixth chapter deals with telecom operator algorithms based on the SLAP web service for automatic detection of element faults caused by lighting in the telecom network. In the seventh chapter, data analysis was carried out through a historical review of the elimination of faults caused by a thunderstorm and the number of overall thunderstorms throughout the year for a telecom operator. From the comparison, there is a visible correlation that indicates that the increase in the number of thunderstorms increases the number of disturbances in the telecommunications network caused by lighting. Obtained results also show that here are seasonal extremes, with a lot of thunderstorms in the summer period, while the winter period is characterized by a somewhat lower number of thunderstorms. The cause of this is the slope of Earth's planet from the axis of rotation to the ecliptic, which changes during the calendar year. This has the effect that the ionosphere parts are exposed to different levels of electromagnetic radiation, further defining the lighting activity itself, not only at the local level but also globally, through different ranges of latitude and latitude. It is known that for the lightning strikes in the vicinity or in the telecommunications network itself, the lighting charge will normally be grounded at the lowest resistance point. For that reason, terminal equipment such as the Integrated Access Device (IAD) was mostly damaged by lighting (in 94% cases). There are general indications that the relationship between the altitude of the location, the presence of water surfaces and vegetation, contribute to a higher number of thunderstorm days in such regions. Over the past 10 years, the trend of average lighting current decline has been observed in Croatia. It is evident that this correlates with an increase in the number of thunderstorms in the same period, so that the total atmospheric charge spreads to a more often but weaker lightning strikes. The advantage of using automated systems for eliminating lighting disturbances is demonstrated on the actual telecom network through the use of the TMS portal. It can be noticed that TMS automatic enable faster elimination of lighting disturbances than the general disturbance detection system located in SMC, which activity is based on manual detection of equipment faults caused by lighting.

Grmljavina ; telekom operater ; smetnja ; SLAP ; modem ; ispad ; automatska detekcija ; otklon smetnje ; SMC ; TMS portal ; algoritam detekcije

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