hrvatski

Klimatske značajke šireg područja Zemunika

According to the Köppen climate classification, the wider area of Zemunik belongs to a temperate, warm, rainy climate, with a dry period in the warm part of the year and the average air temperature of the warmest month higher than 22°C (Csa). A comparative analysis of available data from the nearest meteorological stations (Novigrad, Zadar and Zemunik), with a review of the wider physical- geographical context, has enabled a detailed overview of the basic climate features of the wider Zemunik area and their influence on the environment and economic activities. A 30-year (1981-2010) series of climate data on insolation, air temperature, fog, precipitation and wind was analysed. During data processing, statistical methods were used, especially regarding the average, maximum and minimum values of insolation, air temperature, precipitation, fog and wind direction, as well as wind speed. Due to the lack of data from Zemunik and Novigrad stations, insolation was estimated (based on data from Zadar station, 2, 615.5 hours of sunshine per year), at about 2, 600 hours of sunshine per year. In the Zemunik area, lower insolation than at Zadar station was estimated, due to the obvious continental influence. However, because of the proximity of the sea and vertical roughness of the low terrain (lack of orographic precipitation and clouds), these differences are not very large. Average temperatures at Novigrad station from 1981 to 2010 reached maximum value in July (25.5°C) and minimum value in January (5.2°C). The annual average air temperature was 14.6°C. At Zadar station, in the same period, average temperatures reached a maximum value in July (24.6°C), and minimum values in January and February (7.3°C). The annual average temperature was 15.3°C. Average temperatures at Zemunik station, from 1981 to 2010 reached a maximum value in July (24.4°C) and minimum value in January (5.2°C). The annual average temperature was 14°C. The most foggy days were recorded at Zemunik station (34.9 days a year), while at the other stations, Novigrad and Zadar, the occurrence of fog was significantly less (7.0 and 5.3 days a year). This is in accordance with the rule that the number of foggy days increases with a decrease in maritimity. In the 30-year period (1981-2010) about 927.3 mm of precipitation was recorded at Novigrad station, about 853.9 mm at Zadar station, , and 868.7 mm at Zemunik station. All stations recorded more precipitation in the cold part of the year, however at Zemunik station, the difference was less expressed compared to the other two stations, due to the stronger influence of continentality. At Novigrad station, the annual wind rose shows the highest frequency of winds from N, NE, E, SE and W directions, locally known as the bura, jugo and maestral. The average wind speed is highest for winds blowing from the N, NE and SE, with the NNE wind (bura) dominant. The situation is different at Zadar station ; the dominant winds blow from the SE, NW and E, which indicates the express influence of local jugo and maestral winds, and to a less extent, the bura. The highest wind speed coincides with dominant winds. At Zemunik station, winds from the NE, ENE, E, ESE and SE (bura and jugo) account for 47.9 % of all winds, while winds from other directions are significantly less common. The climate elements analyzed (insolation, air temperature, fog, precipitation and wind) are important because of their influence on the natural and cultural landscapes. They also have an influence on economic activities in Zemunik and the surrounding areas. Differences in maritimity/continentality are not great, but show various influences on thermal and pluviometric features, as well as insolation features, the number of foggy days, and wind features. However, low precipitation and high air temperatures are limiting factors for agriculture in the warmer part of the year, though the lithological and pedological features of flysch depressions alleviate the situation and have beneficial effects. Zemunik, like the entire Ravni Kotari area, plays a vital role as one of the most important agricultural regions in southern Croatia.

klima, klimatologija, zemunik

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