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Morphological and pomological characterization of two Olea europea varieties 'Karbuncela' and 'Drobnica' grown on the island of Dugi otok, Croatia

Growing cultivars adapted to environmental condition of the area is the bases of sustainable olive oil production, especially in the fringe environment. It is, therefore, important to well characterize ‘Karbuncela’, variety introduced from Italy 200 years ago, and ‘Drobnica’, autochthonous Croatian variety, both grown on the island Dugi otok. 40 leaves, fruits and inflorescences, were collected from representative branches on the south facing side of the tree at shoulder level ; four trees of each variety were sampled. ‘Karbuncela’ variety contained most of its original characters. Some ‘Drobnica’ morphological characters are: medium vigor, spread growth habit, ovoid fruit shape, nipple present, elliptic stone shape, and low flesh/stone ratio. ‘Drobnica’ variety had higher fruit size and weight, stone length and stone L/W ratio than ‘Karbuncela’ variety, while ‘Karbuncela’ variety had higher stone weight. ‘Drobnica’ has higher inflorescence length and number of flowers per length than ‘Karbuncela’ and higher amount of functionally male flowers of 44.4% comparing to 16.0% for ‘Karbuncela’ confirms use of ‘Drobnica’ as pollinator. The differences among the trees of each variety were observed for all morphological characters except fruit, leaf and stone shape and number of flowers. For both varieties fruit weight positively correlated with fruit size and maturity stage while number of functionally male flowers negatively correlated to inflorescence length.

autochthonous, elaiography, flesh/stone, fruit, maturity, Mediterranean, sustainable

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