engleski

Landscape architecture as an element of the transformation of bastion fortifications in European and Croatian towns

The aim of this paper was to point out the significance of landscape architecture as one of the key elements of urban transformation and revitalization within the context of the transformation of bastion fortifications during the nineteenth century. An analysis of various examples of landscape architecture which grew up at the site of former fortifications in European and Croatian towns clearly shows their common urban and landscape characteristics. In all the analyses of towns provided it may be clearly seen that there is a tendency to lay out parks with public buildings at the site of erstwhile fortifications. The economic situation and urban specificness in which these transformations took place resulted in several distinctive types of spaces. However, what they all have in common are well-designed and planned public spaces (squares, parks, allées and boulevards) within the overall plan with the construction of predominantly public buildings. In all the towns analyzed, the spaces where the fortifications once stood are clearly visible in the town plans from the beginning of the twenty first century, mainly due to the large unbuilt areas. The setting up of such landscape strips is clearly linked to the phenomenon of the ring concept, but also to that of the Fring-e belt (Whitehand ; Morton 2003) because the areas of cities created in place of former fortifications represent clearly defined morphological regions dominated by various institutions, public utilities and open spaces. These zones represent a hiatus in the growth of the residential areas of the city and, because of their designed public open spaces and buildings, they create a new identity and a new urban quality for these towns.

landscape architecture; transformation; bastion fortifications; European towns; Croatian towns

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