engleski

Pedal Surfaces of First Order Congruences

This paper is an overview of the pedal surfaces $\mathcal P^{; ; ; ; n+2}; ; ; ; _n$ for first order line congruences. We describe their construction and properties, derive their parametric and implicit equations and visualize these new resulting surfaces with the program Mathematica in six examples. The methods applied are mainly synthetic and analytic.

congruence of lines; pedal surface of congruence; pinch-point; singular point

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