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Importance of non-pollen palynomorphs for interpreting the last 2000 years of vegetation history: case study on the Kordun/Banovina region (Central Croatia)

Results of qualitative and quantitative analyses of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) and charcoal particles from the 90 cm long segment of core (depth level 95 to 5 cm) are discussed. Sediment was taken from the Blatuša peatland (Sisačko-moslavačka County), the biggest mire in Croatia, during the year 2015. The lowest section of the analysed core belongs to the Antiquity Epoch with the share of non-arboreal pollen (NAP) of 12%. During the Migration Period the NAP value was dramatically increased (31%) and stayed high (29%) until the beginning of the 20th century. However, the number of anthropogenic pollen indicators and their abundance was very low during Early/High Middle Ages. This paradoxical situation (high share of NAP, low share of secondary and lack of primary anthropogenic pollen indicators) could be explained by the occurrence of NPP, characteristic for peat originating from grasses: Byssothecium circinans and HdV-496. During that period, Molinia caerulea/arundinaceae probably overgrown the mire surface, and supported the high level of NAP, which is usually a useful indicator of both anthropogenic pressure and open landscapes. At the same time, the high shares of Diporotheca webbiae and Brachysporium, characteristic for alder carr, support the hypothesis of a drier phase of the researched area. During the Little Ice Age and later, moisture was increased - conditions transformed the area into a mosaic of wetlands with sedge vegetation, and only sporadically developed peatland vegetation. Finally, the occurrence of Cereals, Vitis and Fagopyrum pollen, together with the high share of Chenopodiaceae, Juglans, Plantago lanceolata and Xanthium spinosum pollen types, offer evidence of economic prosperity and a direct human impact on vegetation during the Late Middle Age and Modern Period.

Antique, anthropogenic indicators, Middle Ages, mire, Modern Period, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, wetlands

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