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Acquisition of information structure in Croatian- and French speaking children aged 4 and 6: Focus on reformulation procedures (CROSBI ID 680910)

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Martinot, Claire ; Bošnjak Botica, Tomislava ; Kuvač Kraljević, Jelena Acquisition of information structure in Croatian- and French speaking children aged 4 and 6: Focus on reformulation procedures // nternational workshop on the acquisition of information structure Leuven, Belgija, 25.04.2019-26.04.2019

Podaci o odgovornosti

Martinot, Claire ; Bošnjak Botica, Tomislava ; Kuvač Kraljević, Jelena

engleski

Acquisition of information structure in Croatian- and French speaking children aged 4 and 6: Focus on reformulation procedures

The key term of this study is “information structures”, which is described by Harris (1988) in the following way: “The components that go into the making of the structure are the components that go into the making of the information” (p. 57). Thus, the information is neither independent of the sentence’s structure nor additional to it, but is an interpretation of it. The information of a sentence is yielded directly from the word choice and the stated constraints, i.e. grammatical relations” (ibid. 76, 82). During language acquisition, a child is exposed to various sequences of words that are not randomly combined. For example, the probability of exposure to the combination the snow is falling is greater than the probability of hearing the combination the sky is falling. However, these word combinations are organized in a manner that implies the application of certain rules such as the order of constituents and morphosyntactic markers. Language acquisition emerges from the production of possible combinations, further complexification of these combinations (a white, dangerous snow has been falling all week) and finally, their organization in a complete sequence of words that we call predication. Therefore, the information structure itself is a predication. We postulate that the child produces utterances by reformulating the predicative utterances that he/she has previously been exposed to ; first in an incomplete form, then in a complete form and finally in a more complex form, In the framework of a cross- linguistic study of late language acquisition that had been conducted for several years (Martinot et al., 2018), it was shown that the reformulation procedures which children implement in carrying out a specific task (immediate retelling of a story that an adult reads to each child) reveal how children adjust their language. In particular, one can see that the children locate different predications that constitute the source text and transform these predications during their retelling. In the vast majority of cases, the information structure is modified although the information remains equivalent. In this paper, we aimed to analyse how 4- and 6-year- old children, speakers of two different mother tongues - Croatian and French - produce information structures when retelling a story. We use the following protocol: an adult reads individually the story Tom and Julie (original French version, 436 words) and Tom i Julija (Croatian version, 341 words) to 15 children aged 4 and 6. The respective children knew that they had to retell the story to the same adult as soon as he/she has finished reading it (Martinot et al., 2018). One of the advantages of this unique procedure is the possibility to compare language among various children (ibid.: 32-34). The analysis of children's productions is conducted as follows. From the following source utterance (sequence 1), two children (Pauline X, and Chloe X) produce different reformulations: Sequence 1: That morning, the teacher arrived in the school playground later than usual. She was holding a little girl, whom nobody had ever seen before, by the hand (translation of the French source text). Pauline X (4): the teacher *comed very late because she went (XXX) she *holded by the hand a little girl (gloss of the child’s production) Chloé X (6): the teacher she arrives more later than usual with a new little girl In order to analyse the information structure used by each child, the source text has to be sequenced into predications: [P1a] the teacher arrived in the school playground [P1b] (the teacher arrived) later than usual [P2a] she was holding a little girl by the hand [P2b] whom nobody had ever seen before Children productions are also sequenced in predications, which are then matched with the source predications: Ex. [P1b] (the school teacher arrived) later than usual Pauline X (4): the teacher *comed very late Chloé X (6): the teacher she arrives more later than usual Hence, it is possible to label the means used by the child to produce the information [P1b]. Many questions arise from this kind of analysis, such as: Is it repetition (REP)? Change of information (CHG)? Is it semantic or interpretative paraphrase (SIP)? Is it an analytical procedure (paraphrase by lexical analysis: PLA, or by syntactic analysis: PSA)? Is it a synthetic procedure (paraphrase by syntactic synthesis: PSS)? Is it a formal procedure (formal paraphrase by transformation: FPT, or restructuration, FPR)? Our hypothesis is that 6-year-olds are able to act on both the lexicon (SIP) and syntactic construction in order to produce information structures that are compatible with the lexicon of the utterance. Unlikely, 4-year-olds do not often modify lexical words. We will observe in detail, from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, the different reformulation procedures that Croatian- and French- speaking children use to retell the story ; for the present analysis, we will select three source sequences: sequence 1, sequence 6 and sequence 11, all of which have been most frequently reproduced. The reformulation procedures that we have listed above make it possible to describe which means, both syntactic and lexical, 4- and 6-year-old children respectively use to reconstruct the information structures that are necessary for the production of the story.

first language acquisition, information structure, Z.S. Harris, reformulation procedures

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Podaci o prilogu

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Podaci o skupu

nternational workshop on the acquisition of information structure

predavanje

25.04.2019-26.04.2019

Leuven, Belgija

Povezanost rada

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