engleski

Some Considerations Regarding Unavoidable Annual Real Losses

Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL) are usually defined as the lowest, technically achievable, annual real losses for a well- maintained and well-managed water distribution system (WDS), that could be achieved at the current operating pressure, with intensive active leakage control where all detectable leaks and bursts are repaired quickly and effectively. Different authors have investigated these cases and concluded that usual reasons for low ILI values lies in the insufficient reliability of water balance components due to wrong assumptions, the accuracy of the used data, miscalculated average pressure, etc. However, the experience in using UARL equation has shown that certain corrections for coefficient C are possible and that UARL equation has a limitation of application. Therefore, this paper will try to investigate further the parameter values for UARL calculation.

unavoidable annual real losses, economic level of real losses, ILI index

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