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Rutin: Study of Electrochemical and Antioxidant Properties

Rutin (3`, 4`, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone-3beta- D- rutinoside), known as vitamin P, is one of the biologically active flavonoids widely present in plants (especially in buckwheat, black tea and apple peel). In living organisms, rutin binds Fe2+ (ferrous ions) and prevents reaction of those ions with hydrogen peroxide. In such a way, rutin prevents formation of very reactive hydroxyl radical (•OH) which can cause cellular DNA damage. It was found that rutin possesses anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity and can act as an antioxidant, but it is also capable of preventing formation of tumor cells and blood clots in blood vessels reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Rutin can strengthen the walls of blood vessels and regulate their permeability decreasing the symptoms of many blood vessels diseases. Because of its beneficial properties, rutin was extensively studied in the last few decades in the biological and model systems. These studies have employed electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, square- wave voltammetry and chronocoulometry), photochemiluminescence, spectrofluorimetry (ORAC method), electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy in order to investigate chemical behaviour of rutin in vitro and its beneficial effects on human health. In this chapter, study of electrochemical and antioxidant properties of rutin is given. Electrochemical properties of rutin were studied by cyclic voltammetry (the influence of pH, rutin concentration and scan rate are discussed), differential pulse voltammetry (the influence of pH) and square- wave voltammetry (oxidation mechanism of rutin is discussed). Antioxidant properties of rutin were studied by means of UV- Vis spectroscopy using ABTS reagent (EC50 value of rutin was determined). The sensing characteristics of the potentiometric sensor electrode (electrode with a liquid membrane based on PVC with incorporated complex of Cu2+ ion and rutin) were studied, while linear range of Cu2+ ion activity, selectivity and limit of detection (LOD) have also been reported. This electrochemical approach for detection of structurally diverse polyphenols could provide new insights into the research of natural bioactive compounds.

rutin ; electrochemistry ; voltammetry ; antioxidant properties

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