engleski

The Effects of Fuel-oil Additives and Technics for their Ascertainment

The primary aim of this paper is to identify and to describe difficulties arising in oil-fired boilers and to reveal possible beneficial effects of the additives, basing on the investigations of new technology products and their testing in various operating conditions. Improving of refinery process, with the aim to increase the share of high value products, is accompanied by an increased amount of residual heavy hydrocarbons used as fuel-oil in various industrial furnaces and steam boilers. This fact leads to numerous problems arising due to the higher concentration of impurities and contaminants causing operating , maintenance and environmental problems. Even the most careful process and combustion control cannot entirely prevent such problems occurring by combustion of heavy fuel-oils. Numerous investigations and experience cases have approved that many of the problems associated with the combustion of heavy fuels can be eliminated or substantially reduced by the use of selected additives, which can chemically and physically assist to overcome a great part of difficulties, if they are properly chosen and used on a right way. It does not mean, of course, that additives can substitute an appropriate equipment design and correct engineering procedures in boiler operations, but they can efficiently help in combating problems related to boiler reliability, extending equipment life, reducing maintenance costs and decreasing pollutant emissions. . It is not realistic to expect from one additive, regardless of its composition, to function directly in all present problems. But, because of the fact that many of the problems encountered in fuel-oil handling and combustion are related each other, by solving some of them, also other can be reduced or even avoided. This paper considers the problems, encountered when using the fuel-oil, separately in three characteristic boiler areas: in pre-combustion stage, in fire-side zone and in the environment. The possible effects of the additives are described for each of these groups of problems, and modes to obtain optimum results are reveal. Also, the methods and techniques for the additives testing in real operation condition and their effects assessment are reviewed and described. In the second part of the paper, the experiences and testing results of three different cases histories are presented in detail.

Additives; Fuel-oil; Boilers; Combustion

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