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On the Ubiquity and Multiple-level Operation of Metonymy

Metonymy has been shown to be a fundumental factor motivating the emergence, entrenchment and novel extension of numerous cognitive structures (Lakoff 1987), including a very large number of metaphors (Barcelona 200b ; Radden 2000) and innumerable lexical senses, of certain phonological structures (Barcelona 1998 ; Nathan 1996), and of numerous grammatical constructions (Ruiz de Mendoza and Perez 2001). It also often motivates inference patterns like indirect speech acts and conversational implicatures (Panther and Thornburg 1998). This paper first surveys the numerous areas, linguistic and nonlinguistic, in which metonymy can be claimed to play a role: from conceptual doamins and metaphor, to discourse, grammar and phonology. The second part of the paper is devoted to a detailed discussion of two brief examples showing the frequent operation of metonymy at multiple levels of analysis in the same linguistic expression.

metonymy, metaphor, conceptual domains, discourse, grammar, phonology

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