engleski

Acute cytogenetic effects of antineoplastic drugs on peripheral blood lymphocytes in cancer patients chromosome aberrations and micronuclei

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the individual sensitlvity of cancer patients to different antineoplastic drugs administered in standard protocol by assessing their acute cytogenetic effects on peripheral blood Iymphocytes. In 12 patients undergo- ing cancer chemotherapy, acute cytogenetic effects on peripheral blood Iymphocytes were evaluated by analysis of structural chromosome aberrations and micronuclei. All patients were given antineoplastic drugs, mainly as polychemotherapy. The frequencies of both cytogenetic blomarkers determined after the first chemotherapy cycle were compared with their pre-treatment (baseline) values. All chemotherapy protocols employed induced clear cytogenetic effects in both tests studied. The results obtaited indicate interindividual variations between cytogenetic damage In peripheral blood lymphocytes among cancer patlents. Statistically significant increases in the total number of structural chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in Iymphocytes analyzed after chemotherapy compared to pre-therapy samples were observed in almost all patients studied. The highest level of chromosome damage as well as the highest incidence of micronuclel was observed following administration of the ACOP protocol (adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and vlncrlstine). The proportions of slgnal-positlve and signal-nega- tive micronuclei were evaluated using DAPI staining. whlle sllver staining revealed Ag-NOR+ and Ag-NOR- micronuclei. In some patients the incidence of signal-positive and Ag-NOR+ micronuclei after treatment ws8 increased, indicating a more pronounced susceptibility of particular chromosomes to damage caused by antineoplastic drugs. With regard to the results obtained we may conclude that both parameters used in the present study on peripheral Iymphocytes are sen- sitive biomarkers and can be successfully employed for biomonitoring of acute cytogenetic effects induced by antineoplastic drugs in standard clinical protocols for cancer trest- ment.

antineoplastic drugs; cytogenetic biomarkers; Giemsa; DAPI; silver staining

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