engleski

The influence of bite - blocks on continuous speech production

Perkell et al. (2000) hypothesized that motor programming in speech production is based on acoustic goals. An internal model of the relation between vocal-tract shape and the sound output is developed during the acquisition of speech using orosensory and acoustic feedback. With maturation, the efficiency of the internal model is increased, and the two kinds of feedback acquire different functions. Current speech production is controlled by orosensory feedback that is fast enough to inform the reference copy of the outflow command about the correctness of the motor actions. Auditory feedback, which is slower, is used mostly to maintain the speaker's parameter settings and to inform him about the environmental conditions during speech production. The results of the present research show that by means of immediate orosensory control (even though during the reading passage some participation of the auditory control can be assumed) some speech parameters, such as temporal parameters, are immediately reorganized, especially if the perturbation is not too strong (small bite-block). Strong perturbation of the articulatory movements can be compensated for after articulatory training, especially for the formants of the vowel /a/ and the spectral shape of the fricative sound /s/. It seems that during the short period of articulatory training, the articulation is in the process of reorganization and thus exhibits characteristics of instability. It can be supposed that longer articulatory training would improve the articulation in the bite-block conditions, though strong perturbation (large bite-block) in some speech parameters would not be remedied by compensatory mechanisms.

speech production

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