engleski

Polymeric materials of reduced flammability

The fundamental mechanisms in the processes of thermal decomposition, oxidation of volatile, burning and the methods of flame retardation in combustion of the main class of organic polymeric materials are reviwed. The content and composition of volatiles strongly depend on the polymer base structure giving an intrisic flammability characteristic of the material. According to polymer burning mechanism, several possibilities are available for promoting combastion retardancy. The most efficient of these are additives capable of reducing easy of ignition and the rate of flame propagation. Besides low molecular weight additives a new approach is to use reactive functional monomers. The main systems of flame retardants acting as additive or reactive monomers currently in use based on organobromine, organochlorine, phosphorous and halogenated phosphorous, nitrogen and inorganic compounds are presented. The special attention to the systems with mineral enviromental impact and optimal flame retardancy has been given.

Polymer flammability; Polymer degradation; Polymer combustion mechanisms; Flame retardants

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