engleski

Geomorphological Studies in the Flood-plain Along the Tisza River: Reservoirs, Extensions of Flood-bed, Embankment Construction

Floods occur rather frequently in the Carphatian Basin, especially in the catchment basin of the Tisza River. Extremely high water levels of this river and its tributaries over the past successive years (1998-2001) have made the increase of the efficiency of flood prevention an urgent task. These efforts primarily should be aimed at revealing hydrogeographic-geomorphological roots of the contemporary situation and indicating the triggers of an ever rising level of high waters relating to geomorphic evolution. After a brief overview of the history in the Tisza basin the basic research tasks are uotlined that could be instrumental in choosing adequate methods of flood control for the future. The most actual tasks are the followings: a thorough understanding of the evolution history of the Tisza over the past ten thousand years or so ; an analysis of temporal change of the forest coverage in the Tisza basin and in the catchments of its tributaries ; investigations into the silting up process of the flood bed ; a comparison of the level of the flood bed and that of the embankments ; preformance of geological, economic and settlement geographical studies. It is widely acknowledged thet in 1999 and 2000 dike failures could be prevented along several sections of the tisza and its tributaries in the Great Plain only by enormous material expenditures and human efforts. No chance must be given to what occured repeadetly in the 20th century (1919, 1925, 1940, 1948, 1970, 1974, 1998, 1999, 2000) that the high water reached or overgrew the crest of dikes and levees. The latter were construsted for a probability of the occurrence of the highest floods once in 50 years. Owing to the silting up of the flood bed they are either to be raised again and again (which has been the practice so far) or there must be a new solution. It is the opening of the flood beds in places where the emergency storage is allowed by geomorphological, economic and social geographical conditons and infrastructure. this is a strategic problem because emergency situations threaten the security of life and property of nearly 2.5 million people. The counterbalance a permanent rise of high water level dikes and levees must be enforced and raised periodically. The paramount questin however is if the system of flood prevention is able to meet the security requirements in the long run

geomorphic evolution; flood prevention; silting up; emergency storage

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