engleski

Membrane technologies in preparation of make-up water

Preparation of make-up water in the complex centralised systems for the central heating, sanitary hot water, as well as for low-pressure steam generators, can be accomplished in several ways. However, water-softening treatment dominate in most cases. In the small decentralised as well as in industrial systems, complexity of the performance, monitoring and controlling in make-up water preparation processes sometimes is manifested as a certain problem. Therefore, in such systems simplicity in manipulation and maintenance could be important criterion. Nowadays mostly used way for preparation of make-up water is the use of ion exchange softening or demineralisation, but slowly a relatively new technology - membrane softening and purifying of water - has started to participate in the make-up water treatment. This paper gives a review of membrane technology processes and the analysis of comparison in efficiency and costs of both treatment technologies - membrane and ion exchange systems.

make-up water; steam generators; membrane technologies; ion exchange; water softening; demineralisation

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