engleski

Sample Preparation of Veterinary Antibiotics

Antibiotics are among the emerging microcontaminants in water because of concerns of their potential adverse effects on the ecosystem and possibly on human health. Antibiotics are likely to be released into the aquatic environment via wastewater effluent and agricultural runoff as a result of incomplete metabolism, ineffective treatment removal or improper disposal because large quantities of antibiotics are used annually in human therapy and in agriculture. Problem is that veterinary drugs includes antibiotics don’ t have resolved questions about maximal concentrations which can be release in rivers and another nature resources. To resolve this problem and to identify antibiotics that are likely to be present in water sources, concentrations of antibiotics in municipal wastewater and animal waste, we have to develop the method for their determination and also we have to understand their nature, which result from their chemical properties. Level of veterinary drugs in nature is very low. Because of that, and because of complex matrix composition, the selected antibiotics have to preconcentrate and the sample cleaned out of the interfering ingredients. The analytical procedure for antibiotics analysis in water usually comprises the following steps: sampling, sample preparation and final determination. Sample preparation step is the most important step and is often the most time-consuming step in some analysis. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is the most common used technique for chromatographic analysis. It is technique unlike the classical extraction procedure is faster, simple, economical and environmentally friendly. This method is used for preconcentration selected compound using solid phase like Empore extraction discs or cartridges. This sorbent can be different constitution depends of matrix composition, nature of selected compound (analyte) (water solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) etc.) and nature of forces which can occurred between matrix, sorbent and analyte.

sample preparation; veterinary antibiotics; water

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