engleski

Syntax

As a traditional linguistic term, the label syntax is generally used to refer to the study of the ways in which words may be combined to form larger grammatical units, i.e. phrases, and sentences, simple or complex ones. Syntax is usually opposed to morphology, which deals with the structure of words, i.e. with inflection and derivation of words. The word syntax itself comes from Greek, where it literally meant ‘ putting together.’ Informally, we could say that syntax is about the togetherness of grammatical units or constructions of various types. Two fundamental questions seem to follow from such an understanding of syntax: 1. How do grammatical units hang together, or put more spe-cifically, what grammatical phenomena (syntactic arrangements, operations, mechanisms, or organ-izational principles in general) hold these grammatical units together? 2. What are the grammatical units held together by these operations or mechanisms? Part 2 identifies the basic grammatical mechanisms keeping grammatical units together, constituency and dependency. Part 3is concerned with syntactic units of various types and how they embody basic principles of syntactic organization and function within larger wholes.

grammar; morphology; constituency; immediate constituents; dependency; valency; embedding; recursiveness; subordination; coordination; word order; phrases; endocentric phrases; exocentric phrases; heads; complements; modifiers; X-bar syntax; clause; senten

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