engleski

Grain yield and quality of winter wheat cultivars in different environmental conditions

Wheat producers are mostly interested how to exploit genetic potential for yield and quality of different cultivars in their environments. For that purpose trial with seven cultivars of winter wheat (Zitarka, Demetra, Srpanjka, Super Zitarka, Golubica, Panonka and Seva) was set up as RCB design with three locations (Osijek- eutric cambisol, Nova Gradiska-alluvium and Pozega-pseudogley soil) in three repetitions during two years (2003 and 2004). Grain yield and some indirect quality traits (test weight, protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value from each replication were determined using NIR spectroscopy technique) were analysed. By ANOVA statistically significant differences for all traits were found among genotypes (G), locations (L) and years (Y), and for all interactions (GxL, GxY, LxY, GxLxY) except for the interaction GxLxY for protein content, sedimentation value and test weight and for the interaction term GxY for test weight. In 2004 year higher grain yields were realized (7353 kg ha-1) as compared to 2003 (4469 kg ha-1), while for all analysed quality traits was opposite (2003 was better than 2004). The highest grain yields and test weights were realized at location Osijek and lowest at Pozega in both testing years. For protein content and sedimentation value highest values were at location Nova Gradiska and for wet gluten content in Osijek. The poorest quality results were recorded at Pozega (except for the protein content in 2003 year). The most yielding cultivars were Seva (6194 kg ha-1), Demetra (6187 kg ha-1) and Panonka (6185 kg ha- 1). In respect of quality as those with the highest quality parameters values during two years of testing were cvs. Golubica, Zitarka and Super Zitarka. Sources of variability for grain yield were highest between years, then locations and cultivars. Certain cultvars have responded in a specific manner in respect of quality traits regarding the year and location of trial.

wheat ; cultivars ; grain yield ; quality ; environment ; interaction

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