engleski

The Case of the Croat, Georgius Crisanius / Juraj Križanić. A Pan-Slavic 17th-Century Clergyman, Diplomat and Music Theoretician between Rome, Moscow and Siberian Exile

The Croatian theologian, philosopher, linguist, diplomat, and music theorist Juraj Križanić (Georgius Krisanizh ; Georgius Crisanius ; * Obrh, Croatia, 1617/1618 ; † Vienna, 12. 9. 1683) studied in Zagreb, Ljubljana, Graz (in Ferdinandeum, in 1635, he was mentioned as &laquo ; Croata Ozalliensis&raquo ; ), Bologna and Rome. As an expert on the problems of Eastern churches he visited Russia twice, in 1647 and 1659, as missionary (once as special Papal envoy). During his second sojourn, on his private initiative, he was sent by Tsar to exile in Siberia, staying in Tobolsk for fifteen years (1661-76). On his way back to Europe he died in 1673 during the third Turkish-Ottoman siege of Vienna. The paper deals with Križanić as public personality in his contacts with some supreme contemporary political authorities – popes, tsars, and monarchs: Alexander VII, Alexei Mikhaylovitch and Fyodor Alexeievitch Romanov, the Portuguese King Jo&atilde ; o IV, and the Polish King Jan III Sobieski ; Križanić as &laquo ; late Humanist&raquo ; , pointing to his mental and psychological profile of an 'uomo universale', close to the Renaissance humanists, and to his contacts with Athanasius Kircher, Mario Alberici, Virgilio Spada, Juan Caramuel Lobkowitz, Nikola Spafari Milesku, and others ; and Križanić as music writer: preliminary insight is given in his authenticated and presumed musical titles: Asserta musicalia nova prorsus omnia – Musical Assertions, All Completely New (Rome, 1656 ; printed) ; Nova inventa musica or Tabulae nouae, exhibentes musicam, Late augmentatam: Clare explicatam: Valde facilitatam – Nova inventa musica or New Drawings Which Exhibit Music as Widely Distributed, Clearly Explained, and Highly Facilitated (Rome, 1657-58 ; Ms) ; De modo facilitandi cantum ecclesiasticum – On the Manner of Facilitating Church Singing (Rome, 1658? ; Ms ; Dubious Existence) ; Sopra le Proportioni Musicali – On Musical Proportions (Rome, 1658? ; Ms ; Dubious Existence) ; Novum instrumentum Ad cantus mira facilitate componendos – A New Instrument Which Miraculously Facilitates the Composing of Songs (Rome, 1658 ; Printed) ; Musica, manoscritto di Crisanio – Musica, Križanić's Manuscript (Rome, 1658? ; Ms ; Dubious Authorship) ; De Musica – On Music (Tobolsk, between 1663 and 1666 ; Ms) ; O cerkovnom penju – On Church Singing (Tobolsk-Moscow, 1675 ; Ms) ; New Pattern of Music (Moscow, 1676 ; Dubious Existence). In equal temperament and tuning concepts Križanić seemed to be close to Roman 1640-1650s authors such as P. F. Valentini and J. Caramuel Lobkowitz, as well as to G. Frescobaldi. Some of his assertions and statements clearly indicate his sensibility towards the Baroque music aesthetics of the early 'Affektenlehre'. Taking into account Križanić in the entirety of his ideas, aspirations and activities, the assumption is offered that the final purpose of Križanić's learning music and using that knowledge was intended for non-musical, i.e. political aims. Križanić's intellectual output in other fields encompass the following titles: Bibliotheca Schismaticorum Universa (Rome, 1656) ; Gramatično iskazanje ob rúskom jezíku – Grammar of the Russian Language (Tobolsk, between 1662 and 1675) ; Politika ili Razgovori ob wladatelstwu – Politics or Conversations on Governance (Tobolsk, between 1663 and 1666) ; De Providentia Dei – About Divine Providence (Tobolsk, 1666-67) ; Obličenie na soloveckuju čelobitnu – Criticism of the Solovecki Monks (Tobolsk, between 1662 and 1675) ; Ob svjatom kreščenii – About Sacred Baptism (Tobolsk, between 1662 and 1675) ; Tolkovanie istoričeskih proročestv' – Interpretation of Historical Prophecies (Tobolsk, 1674) ; O kitajskom torgu – On Chinese Commerce (Tobolsk, 1674) ; Smertniji razrjad – The Testament (Tobolsk, 1675) ; O preverstve beseda - On Superstition (Tobolsk, 1675) ; Historia de Sibiria (Vilnius, between 1678 and 1682).

Georgius Crisanius; Panslavism; diplomacy; Croatia; Rome; Russia; Siberia; music theory; history of music

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