hrvatski

Dva tisućljeća tradicije dvoraca, vila i zamkova

Sažetak Na tlu Republike Hrvatske možemo sa sigurnošću pratiti nastajanje i razvoj dvoraca, zamkova i vila u posljednja dva tisućljeća – od rimskih vila rustica i palača (Dioklecijanova palača), preko srednjovjekovnih zamkova (burgova), renesansnih vila-ljetnikovaca na području Dubrovnika i Dalmacije do baroknih i historicističkih dvoraca sjeverne Hrvatske, te gradskih vila i palača u gotovo svim većim hrvatskim gradovima. Dvorci u Hrvatskoj grade se od antičkoga doba i od tada se, uz povremene prekide, kontinuirano grade čak do početka 21. stoljeća. Prenamjena dvoraca i njihova prilagodba novim namjenama u Hrvatskoj ima tradiciju od 14 stoljeća – od pretvorbe Dioklecijanove palače u 7. stoljeću do suvremenih pretvorbi na kraju 20. i početka 21. stoljeća. Od tada do danas kontinuirano su dvorci bili razarani, dograđivani ili pregrađivani te su se trebali prilagođavati novim namjenama i novim vlasnicima. Analiza aktualnog stanja i korištenja dvoraca napravljena je 2005. godine za 100 dvoraca i većih kurija u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj (u 12 županija i u Gradu Zagrebu). Otprilike polovica dvoraca (45%) u jako je lošem stanju i nužna im je žurna obnova. Za stanovanje se koristi 17% dvoraca od čega se 5% dvoraca koristi u izvornoj namjeni (sačuvan je kontinuitet stanovanja plemićkih obitelji) ; u 16% dvoraca smještene su namjene koje svrstavamo u kulturu ; poslovna namjena nalazi se u 10% dvoraca ; u šest dvoraca su škole ; dva se dvorca koriste kao arhivi ; socijalne ustanove nalaze se u pet, a bolnice u sedam dvoraca ; u jednom je dvorcu vjerska namjena, a hotelsko-ugostiteljska namjena u samo četiri dvorca. Čak 32% dvoraca nema nikakvu namjenu što znači da bi uskoro mogli postati ruševine. Temeljem šest odabranih kriterija ocjenjena je prihvatljivost namjene dvoraca. Prihvatljiva namjena ustanovljena je za 52% dvoraca, 37% dvoraca ima nezadovoljavajuću namjenu ili ne postoji ideja moguće namjene, a 11% dvoraca ima prihvatljivu privremenu namjenu odnosno prihvatljivu zamisao obnove. Summary Construction and development of manors, castles and villas on the territory of the Republic of Croatia can be followed with certainty in the last two millennia – from Roman villa rusticas and palaces (Diocletian's palace), to medieval castles (burgs), renaissance villas-summer houses in Dubrovnik and Dalmatia, to baroque and historicist manors of Northern Croatia, and town villas and palaces in most bigger Croatian towns. Manors were built as early as the antique period and, with occasional interruptions, were built continuously until the beginning of the 21st century. In Croatia, manors have been reused and adapted to new uses for the past 14 centuries, from the reuse of Diocletian's palace in the 7th century to contemporary reuses at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century. Since the earliest times, manors have been continuously destroyed, extended or remodeled, and had to adapt to new uses and new owners. In 2005, an analysis of the actual condition and ways of use was done for 100 manors and larger curiae in Northern Croatia (in 12 counties and the city of Zagreb). Roughly half of the manors (45%) are in a very bad condition and in need of urgent reconstruction. 17% of the manors are used for dwelling – of which 5% maintained their original use (dwelling of aristocratic families was preserved in continuity) ; 16% of the manors are used for cultural purposes ; 10% of the manors are used for business purposes ; six manors were converted into schools ; two are used as archives. Social institutions are housed in five and hospitals in seven manors ; one manor was put to a religious use, and only four manors are used for tourist purposes. As many as 32% of the manors have no use, meaning they could soon crumble into ruins. Acceptability of the use of manors was assessed on the basis of six criteria. 52% of the manors were evaluated as having acceptable use, 37% have unacceptable use or there is no idea what to use them for, whereas 11% have acceptable temporary use or acceptable idea for reconstruction.

tradicija; dvorci; Hrvatska

nije evidentirano

engleski

Two millenia-long tradition of manors, villas and castles in Croatia

Sažetak Na tlu Republike Hrvatske možemo sa sigurnošću pratiti nastajanje i razvoj dvoraca, zamkova i vila u posljednja dva tisućljeća – od rimskih vila rustica i palača (Dioklecijanova palača), preko srednjovjekovnih zamkova (burgova), renesansnih vila-ljetnikovaca na području Dubrovnika i Dalmacije do baroknih i historicističkih dvoraca sjeverne Hrvatske, te gradskih vila i palača u gotovo svim većim hrvatskim gradovima. Dvorci u Hrvatskoj grade se od antičkoga doba i od tada se, uz povremene prekide, kontinuirano grade čak do početka 21. stoljeća. Prenamjena dvoraca i njihova prilagodba novim namjenama u Hrvatskoj ima tradiciju od 14 stoljeća – od pretvorbe Dioklecijanove palače u 7. stoljeću do suvremenih pretvorbi na kraju 20. i početka 21. stoljeća. Od tada do danas kontinuirano su dvorci bili razarani, dograđivani ili pregrađivani te su se trebali prilagođavati novim namjenama i novim vlasnicima. Analiza aktualnog stanja i korištenja dvoraca napravljena je 2005. godine za 100 dvoraca i većih kurija u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj (u 12 županija i u Gradu Zagrebu). Otprilike polovica dvoraca (45%) u jako je lošem stanju i nužna im je žurna obnova. Za stanovanje se koristi 17% dvoraca od čega se 5% dvoraca koristi u izvornoj namjeni (sačuvan je kontinuitet stanovanja plemićkih obitelji) ; u 16% dvoraca smještene su namjene koje svrstavamo u kulturu ; poslovna namjena nalazi se u 10% dvoraca ; u šest dvoraca su škole ; dva se dvorca koriste kao arhivi ; socijalne ustanove nalaze se u pet, a bolnice u sedam dvoraca ; u jednom je dvorcu vjerska namjena, a hotelsko-ugostiteljska namjena u samo četiri dvorca. Čak 32% dvoraca nema nikakvu namjenu što znači da bi uskoro mogli postati ruševine. Temeljem šest odabranih kriterija ocjenjena je prihvatljivost namjene dvoraca. Prihvatljiva namjena ustanovljena je za 52% dvoraca, 37% dvoraca ima nezadovoljavajuću namjenu ili ne postoji ideja moguće namjene, a 11% dvoraca ima prihvatljivu privremenu namjenu odnosno prihvatljivu zamisao obnove. Summary Construction and development of manors, castles and villas on the territory of the Republic of Croatia can be followed with certainty in the last two millennia – from Roman villa rusticas and palaces (Diocletian's palace), to medieval castles (burgs), renaissance villas-summer houses in Dubrovnik and Dalmatia, to baroque and historicist manors of Northern Croatia, and town villas and palaces in most bigger Croatian towns. Manors were built as early as the antique period and, with occasional interruptions, were built continuously until the beginning of the 21st century. In Croatia, manors have been reused and adapted to new uses for the past 14 centuries, from the reuse of Diocletian's palace in the 7th century to contemporary reuses at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century. Since the earliest times, manors have been continuously destroyed, extended or remodeled, and had to adapt to new uses and new owners. In 2005, an analysis of the actual condition and ways of use was done for 100 manors and larger curiae in Northern Croatia (in 12 counties and the city of Zagreb). Roughly half of the manors (45%) are in a very bad condition and in need of urgent reconstruction. 17% of the manors are used for dwelling – of which 5% maintained their original use (dwelling of aristocratic families was preserved in continuity) ; 16% of the manors are used for cultural purposes ; 10% of the manors are used for business purposes ; six manors were converted into schools ; two are used as archives. Social institutions are housed in five and hospitals in seven manors ; one manor was put to a religious use, and only four manors are used for tourist purposes. As many as 32% of the manors have no use, meaning they could soon crumble into ruins. Acceptability of the use of manors was assessed on the basis of six criteria. 52% of the manors were evaluated as having acceptable use, 37% have unacceptable use or there is no idea what to use them for, whereas 11% have acceptable temporary use or acceptable idea for reconstruction.

tradition; manors; Croatia

nije evidentirano