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Mechanism of ZrTiO4 synthesis by mechanochemical processing of TiO2 and ZrO2

High-energy ball-milling initiates a solid state reaction in an equimolar mixture of TiO2 and ZrO2. The first stage of ball-milling induced the transformation of anatase TiO2 to high-pressure phase TiO2 (II), isostructural with ZrTiO4. The formation of solid-solutions monoclinic ZrO2/TiO2 and TiO2 (II)/ZrO2 was observed in intermediate stage. Afterward, nanosized ZrTiO4 phase was formed in the milled product from TiO2 (II)/ZrO2 solid-solution. The sintering of the milled product at a temperature < 1100 &#61616; C was examined in situ by Raman spectroscopy. The full solid state reaction towards ZrTiO4 ceramic is completed at a temperature considerably lower than reported in literature.

zirconia; mills/milling; Raman spectroscopy; synthesis; titanium dioxide

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