engleski

Strategies for Globe Artichoke Introduction in South Texas

Introduction of artichokes in the Wintergarden of Texas depends on the development of strategies that will overcome limiting climatic conditions for optimal growth. Irrigation efficiency has been critical in this area due to strict restrictions on water application and regulations of underground aquifer resources. We evaluated cultivars with different bolting requirements at two planting dates and irrigation rates. Transplants of five seed propagated cultivars (Emerald, Experimental Red, Imperial Star, Green Globe, and Purple Romagna) were planted in the field on 27 September and 3 December 2004, and evaluated at 100% and 75% crop evapotranspiration rates (ETc) at Uvalde, Texas. Harvests started on 24 March and 21 April 2005 for the September and December planting dates, respectively. Yield increased over 4-fold for the September compared to the December planting date. Irrigation rates did not affect yield, water use efficiency or head quality. Cultivars Emerald, Imperial Star and Experimental Red were earlier than Green Globe and Purple Romagna. The best yield was achieved with cv. Imperial Star. Fiber, nitrogen, and phenolic compounds concentration depended on cultivar. As harvesting season progressed nitrogen concentration decreased, whereas total fibers content increased.

Cynara scolymus; cultivar; irrigation; phytochemicals; yield

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