engleski

Wheat breeding for improved ear characteristics

One of the main purpose of wheat breeding in Croatia is to improve the genetic yield potential of modern high-yielding varieties. One of the ways of achieving it is the improvement of ear characteristics. Numero us research are conducted in order to establish the correlation between various ear characteristics, and after crossbreeding the emphasis in ear selection is put on ear length, the number of spiklets per ear, the number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear and thousand seed weight (TSW). In 1995 and 1996 four new genotypes on long eared winter wheat were put to the test at the Faculty of Agriculture Osijek. The following characteristics of the genotypes were compared with the standard, high-yielding and widely-spread variety @itarka: their ear length, the number of spikelets per ear, the number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear and thousand seed weight (TSW). Statistical analysis revealed very important differences between the genotypes and @itarka variety. The measured characteristics of the new genotypes were level with those of @itarka variety or they obtained better results. On the basis of two year testing results a high positive correlation between ear length and the number of grains per ear, between the number of spikelets and the number of grains per ear and between the number of grains per ear and grain weight per ear was established. Secondly, there was a medium correlation between ear length and grain weight per ear, between grain weight and thousand seed weight and between ear length and the number of spikelets per ear. Finally, there was a weak correlation between the number of grains per ear and thousand seed weight.

wheat; genotype; ear length; spikelet number; grain number; grain

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