engleski

Gene candidates for atherosclerosis: genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease resulting from interaction between environment and genetic make up. Familial lipoprotein disorders are frequent in subjects with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). The majority of lipoprotein disorders result from a combination of polygenic predisposition and poor lifestyle habits. Many different proteins are involved in lipoprotein metabolism, which includes different enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and activators, cell receptors, ligands that bind to the cell receptors, and proteins involved in lipoprotein structure. We present an overview of some common genetic factors that influence lipoprotein metabolism and the involvement of the most frequent polymorphisms in the development of CAD. These include gene variants of apolipoproteins A-IV, A-V, C-III, B-100 and E, LDL-receptor, apolipoprotein(a), lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, cholesteryl-ester transfer protein, paraoxonase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Despite of the numerous association studies, meta-analyses and scientific advances the ability to detect and prevent premature CAD remains limited. As the number of reproducible results increases, gene markers will become a useful tool of determining the CAD risk in clinical medicine.

atherosclerosis; coronary artery disease; genes; lipoproteins; metabolism

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