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Radioprotective Effect of Propolis and its Polyphenolic Compounds in Mice

Radiation is a well-known inducer of free radicals. Compounds that scan free radicals may reduce radiation-induced DNA damage. Propolis contains polyphenolic/flavonoids compounds with antioxidant properties which are belived to be protective against cellular damage caused by ionizing radiation. Radioprotectivni effect of two preparation of propolis (water and ethanolic extract of propolis ; WSDP or EEP) and their polyphenolic compounds (caffeic acid, naringin, chrysin, quercetin) were investigated in the whole body  -irradiated (WBI) mice exposed to different dose (4 and/or 9 Gy) of 60Co  -radiation. Each test component at dose of 100 mg kg-1 body weight was administered to Swiss albino mice intraperitoneally, daily for 3 days, before or after WBI and the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes in peripheral blood, DNA damage of lymphocytes by comet assay and survival studies in mice were investigated. The WBI of mice resulted in dose-dependent elevation in the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes and DNA damage of lymphocytes. However, treatment of mice with WSDP or EEP or polyphenolic compounds before irradiation resulted in a significant reduction of micronuleus and lymphocytes DNA damage. In surviving studies quercetin and naringin given to mice before lethal irradiation with 9 Gy were most effective. The Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test have revealed that the surviving time of mice was as follows: quercetin, naringin, WSDP (p<0.0001), caffeic acid, chrysin (p=0.0003) and EEP (p=0.0081). Treatment with test comonents after irradiation was ineffective. The results from the present study suggest that the propolis and its polyphenolic compounds have a radioprotective role in stimulating/protecting the haematopoietic system and in protecting mice from lethal effects of acuteWBI. Neither flavonoid had any systemic toxicity, even at dose of 200 mg kg-1. Considering the low dose needed for protection and the high margin between the effective and toxic dose, propolis and its polyphenolic compounds may be promising for human radiation protection.

propolis; flavonoids; radiation; radioprotection; mice; comet assay

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