engleski

The Application of GIS at the Karst Torrent Hydrology Model

There is a strong need for a reliable estimation of the runoffs at the catchment area when there are no measurement data or the existing ones are not explored enough. Irregularly shaped torrent areas seem to be quite complex, as the runoff can not be reliably calculated on the basis of frequently applicable simple parametric methods. Runoff estimation at the torrent, from that point of view is hard to find especially in karst areas. On the other hand, the use of complex models yields safer results, but requires usually inaccessible data. An example of defining spatial parameters as hydrology toolsets such as: delineating watersheds and watershed boundaries, create depressionless digital elevation model (DEM), flow direction and accumulation, identifying stream networks outlets and pour points, detecting truly and false sinks ; represents first but perceptive step in every hydroengineering procedure of estimation of catchment runoffs definition points, and directly affect on the concentration time definition. False estimations of time concentration can result in unreal runoff calculations, leading thus to grave mistakes and failures in hydroengineering. The numerical hydrology model obtained by the GIS technology (Geographic Information System) considerably contributes to determine the more real time of catchment concentration. The mentioned numerical model connects well the concentration time with rainwater and physiographic features of the catchment, and thus can be determined with more certainty. The reliability is in function of exact and detailed runoff input data and the experience in the field.

karst field; sink capacity

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