engleski

Status of Croatian transport sector in view of ecological and energetic aspects and utilization of alternative fuels

Present world crude oil production is near 85 millions of barrels per day. Utilization of such large quantity of hydrocarbons entails significant emissions of greenhouse and harmful gases into the atmosphere. Due to air quality concerns, decrement of dependence upon imported oil, mitigation of climate changes, as well as human health preservation, EU adopted Directive 2003/30/EC regarding promotion and implementation of biofuels and other alternative transport fuels (LPG, CNG and hydrogen). Approximately 1 600 Mtoe of energy was consumed during 2006 in the transport sector, and in the next thirty years the major increase in energy demand will come from this sector (+2, 1%/year opposite to +1, 7%/year for total world energy demand increase). Transport sector nowadays almost completely relies on crude oil refined products, and alternative fuels cover only 50 Mtoe which is just 3% of total world transport fuel consumption. Since 1992 and Euro-I regulation, till present Euro-IV, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has limited emissions of harmful gasses from all transport vehicles. Croatia, with relative outdated vehicle fleet, cannot entirely fulfil present Euro-IV regulation, regarding motor fuel quality, because of obsolete petroleum refineries. Taking over EU commitments, in process of joining EU integrations, regarding decrement of dependency upon imported oil it is necessary that Croatia take measures at State level, concerning promotion and implementation of alternative fuels such are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is currently being exported in large quantities, compressed natural gas (CNG) and biofuels.

diesel oil; motor gasoline; LPG; CEN and ECE regulative; fuel quality; exhaust emissions

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