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In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone

The aim of the study was to investigate antitumor activity of the putative pharmacologically active constituents of Nigella sativa L. volatile oil thymoquinone (TQ) and thymohydroquinone (THQ). In the in vitro experiments, L929 mouse fibroblasts normal cells lines were used as a control and two tumor cell lines (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC VII) and fibrosarcoma FsaR)) were used. The cells were cultured with 0.1 and 0.01 mg/ml TQ and THQ for 24 h, and cytotoxicity assay was performed using crystal violet staining technique. In the in vivo experiments two murine tumor models (fibrosarcoma (FsaR) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC VII)) were used. The used dose was equal for both substances. Antitumor affect of 4 intratumoral injections of TQ and THQ at the dose of 5 mg/kg was evaluated by comparison of tumor growth kinetics between treated and control animals. In vitro study showed that TQ and THQ exhibit statistically significant antitumor activity (p>0.01). The antitumor activity was dose dependent and more expressed against tumor cells than against L929 fibroblasts. The result of antitumor activity of TQ and THQ in vivo reached TGI of 52% and it was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results indicate that THQ antitumor activity may be improved with further increase in dose.

Nigella sativa L.; thymoquinone; thymohydroquinone

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