engleski

The species composition of the blood sucking Diptera (Tabanidae, Simuliidae) and Pupipara in deer breeding farm in East Slovakia

This study was carried out in the University deer breeding farm in Rozhanovce, between March 2005 and August 2007, to determine the species structure of blood sucking Diptera – horse flies, deer flies, black flies and forest flies. Larvae and adults were collected using the standard technique, the altitude of the studied territory varied from 180 to 215 m above sea level. In total, 169, 161 and 144 adults and larvae of Simuliidae, Tabanidae and Hippoboscidae, respectively were obtained from 6 collecting areas. Blackflies (Simuliidae) can be so numerous and permanently attack animals, that their painful bites may cause localised swelling, inflammation and skin irritation. Together with a combination of anaphylactic shock caused by bites, blood loss and respiration problems due to inhalation of flies can be the reason of animal death. Five species of Simuliidae were found in deer breeding farm of Rozhanovce, namely Simulium reptans (52.7 %), S. morsitans (14.2 %), Eusimulium securiforme (27.2 %), E. angustitatum (3.6 %), and Wilhelmia lineata (2.3 %). Horseflies (Tabanidae) have a year-long life cycle, most species over winter in the larval stage in the soil and pupate during the spring and early summer. The blood sucking females (males feed on pollen and nectar) are serious pests on animals and people. They move freely from one animal to another, and under experimental conditions have been shown capable of mechanical transmission of disease organisms, such as anthrax, tularaemia, on their mouthparts. Horseflies prefer bushy or tree environments that are damp or swampy. The females feed in bright sunlight using dark moving objects as their targets. The deer farm in Rozhanovce was dominated by a species of Tabanus bovinus (44.7 %), T. bromius (26.7 %) and T. autumnalis (18 %). The next were Haematopota pluvialis (7.5 %), Hybomitra bimaculata (1.9 %) and Tabanus miki (1.2 %). Forest flies (Hippoboscidae) are a common obligate hematophagous louse flies of red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) in Slovakia. Both adult males and females feed on the blood of their hosts. Winged adult deer keds are flying about in Indian summer and early autumn in search of deer. One hundred and forty fore deer keds were collected and taxonomically identified. The most abundant was Lipoptena cervi (95.1 %) with mean infestation on deer 41.8 keds (in range 4-65). Lipoptena fortisetosa was obtained only from one animal in dribs and drabs (4.9 %).

infestation; insect fauna; abundance; red deer; roe deer

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