engleski

Elimination of MXR inhibitory pharmaceuticals from waste waters by membrane bioreactor, reversal osmosis, nanofiltration and ozonization

Significant amounts of pharmaceuticals that were found in waste water effluents and surface waters indicate that conventional treatment with active sludge is obviously inefficient. Moreover during treatment number of pharmaceutical degradation products can be formed. Finally, mixture of all of this may cause ecotoxic effect on aquatic organisms in receiving waters. P-glycoprotein is a transmembrane protein that protects cells from intracellular accumulation of xenobiotics by acting as efflux “ pump. Many pharmaceuticals, including several antibiotics, are potent inhibitors of P-glycoprotein transport activity and in that way may endanger resistance of cell/organism to xenobiotics. MXR-inhibition bioassay using NIH 3T3/MDR1 cell line is designed to detect effect of P-glycoprotein inhibition, caused by individual compounds or by mixtures. The purpose of the present study was to test membrane bioreactor technology and membrane for reversal osmosis and nanofiltration and ozone treatment for removing P-glycoprotein inhibitors. The pilot plant was exposed to the mixture of 12 antibiotics and 4 vitamin C intermediates under experimental conditions. Among selected pharmaceuticals only two macrolides, roxitromycin and clarithomicin were potent P-glycoprotein inhibitors, having EC50 of 5.9 and 4.5 µ ; ; M, respectively. Results from mixture showed that average concentration of P-glycoprotein inhibitors rise 4.5 times after membrane bioreactor treatment, possibly due to the formation of degradation products and/or effect of synergism. However, concentration of these newly formed P- glycoprotein inhibitors were lower for around 97 % after treatment with membranes for nanofiltration and reversal osmosis. Treatment with ozone was less effective in removing inhibitors and only after prolonged treatment time of 22 hours decline of 94 % was achieved.

MXR-inhibitors; P-glycoprotein; calcein-AM; bioassay; waste water; pharmaceuticals

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