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Estimation of inbreeding, kinship, genetic distances, and population structure from surnames: The island of Hvar, Croatia

The aim of this study was to estimate inbreeding, kinship, genetic distances and population structure of the island of Hvar using surnames of the population of ten examined villages. Total inbreeding on the island, estimated from the frequency of isonymous marriages, amounted to 0.0228. Total kinship (unreduced variance) of the entire island amounted to 0.0411, a value indicative of very isolated populatons with accumulated kinship over time. The analysis of genetic relationships based on surnames among the investigated villages did not reveal the division of island� s villages into two clusters, "eastern" and "western", as was the case in previous studies when clustering was based on biological, bio-cultural and socio-cultural traits. In addition, kinship and genetic distances determined from surnames revealed a poor fit to an isolation by distance model (for kinship, R2=14.6%, a=0.1101, b=0.3573 ; for genetic distances, R2 =0.0%, a=0.5686, b=121.52), which is in contrast to the results of previous analyses based on other traits. In order to estimate how closely parameters obtained from surnames represent real interpopulational distances, matrices of kinship and genetic distances between ten villages (determined from surnames) were correlated to corresponding distance matrices based on migrational, socio-cultural, anthropometrical, physiological, dermatoglyphic and genetic traits that were previously reported in the literature on the very same samples of examinees. The kinship matrix correlated poorly with other distance matrices, while the genetic distance matrix determined from surnames was in a good correlation with distance matrices based on linguistics (r=0.65 for basic and r=0.63 for cultural vocabulary), metacarpal bone dimensions (r=0.54) and genetics (determined from systems of erythrocyte antigens and isoenzymes, r=0.45).

inbreeding; kinship; genetic distances; population structure; island of Hvar; population genetics; anthropology

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