hrvatski

Malčiranje tla i navodnjavanje kapanjem u uvjetima povišenih temperatura zraka

Mulching of soil in vegetable cultivation has among other points an important function and that is, the evaporation decrease, what in turn decreases the consumption of water for irrigation. With drip irrigation the water losses are lower and the energy consumption is decreased. The drip irrigation permits the soil to be kept continually humid, what again delays the warming of soil, because the heat capacity of water is higher than that of soil. Nowdays, the polymer materials - films are mostly used for soil mulching. Most frequently used is the black polyethylene film, under which as it is under the majority of other films, the temperatures of soil is higher in relation to the uncovered soil. Under some natural materials (straw) the soil temperatures is considerably lower during the warm days. All the same, there are polymer films under which the temperature is equal or slightly higher than the temperature of uncovered soil. Such films have the upper surface of light colour which reflects a part of solar radiation, whereby the warming of soil under the film is decreased. For this purpose, the black and white film which upper surface is white is more and more used in practice. The soil temperatures under cellulose biodegradable mulches can be even lower than the temperatures under uncovered soil. This has been also shown by our research results, where mean decade soil temperatures at 10 cm depth, are for 1 to 2 °C lower than the temperatures in uncovered soil. For vegetable growing in extremely hot summer conditions, resp. under conditions when both air and soil temperatures are higher than the optimum for the growth and development of certain vegetables, organic and inorganic materials to prevent the transmit of solar radiation towards the soil and then again reflecting it towards the crop canopy thus acting as an insulation material, will be in use.

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