engleski

Biotechnology in Fruit Growing

Research studies in the area of biotechnologies in fruit growing started at the Agricultural Institute Osijek in 2006 with the establishment of the first experimental in vitro laboratory for micropropagation. The laboratory started an active research related to the Project "Biotechnological methods in fruit tree identification, selection and propagation" Project is part of program "Preservation and revitalization of grape and fruit autochthonous cultivars". The goal of this research is to determine genetic differences between autochthonous and introduced cultivars of cherry as well as cultivars and types of sour cherry, to find and optimize a method for fast recovery of clonal material. A great number of cherry cultivars and types within population of cv. Oblacinska sour cherry exists in Croatia. A survey with the purpose of selecting autochthonous cultivars for further selection has been done in previous research. Differencies have been found in a number of important agronomic traits within the populations of cv. Oblacinska sour cherry. Autochthonous cherry cultivars are suspected to be synonyms of known old cultivars wich were introduced randomly and have been naturalized under local name. Identification and description of cultivars and types of fruits is based on special visible properties which were mesurable or notable. In this approach difficulties arise from the effect of non-genetic factors on expression of certain traits. Genetic-physiological problem of S allele autoincompatibility exists within cherry cultivars. Therefore it is necessary to put different cultivars in the plantation to pollinate each other. Apart from the last and certain sort identification indepandent of enviromental factors, biotechnological methods based on PCR enable faster virus detection compared with clasical serologic methods and indexing and cover a wider range of plants pathogens including those undetectable by other methods. Thermotherapy and tissue culture makes possible the recovery of valuable clone material and its introduction in the premultiplication process. Detection of S alleles enable determination of compatible cultivar pairs in orchard.

fruit; biotechnology; DNA

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