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Epidemiological data of intrammamary infection in cattle - a quantitative analysis of published data and comparison with data in Croatia

Mastitis is defined as an inflammatory reaction of udder tissue to bacterial, chemical, thermal or mechanical injury. It is a common disease in dairy herd in many different counties and the most costly one in dairy cattle breeding causing serious economic losses due to the decreasing milk production and lower quality of milk. The aim of this study is to summarise the literature data on the prevalence and incidence level of spontaneous intramammary infection in dairy cattle and to compare it with the epidemiological data of cattle intramammary infection in Croatia. Analysed data include 118 available published papers on the Current Contents database in the10-years period (from 1997 to 2007) describing epidemiological methods for determining occurence of intrammamary infection worldwide. The data relating to occurrence of mastitis in Croatia have been collected from Croatian Livestock Center, Laboratory for Milk Control, Križevci, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb and Department for Veterinary Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development from 2002 to 2007. Three main categories of comparison were used: the frequency of intrammamary infection (subclinical and clinical mastitis), the frequency of pathogen specific mastitis and the somatic cell count (SCC). In 55 countries, about 30% the prospective studies of incidence rate, about 46% studies of prevalence rate and about 26% studies of molecular epidemiology and risk factors were done. The level of subclinical mastitis varied from 9% to 70% and clinical mastitis from 6.1% to 63.49% depending on milk gland status (dry or lactation period) and a parity. The most frequently isolated pathogens from infected quarters were Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus uberis, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streprococcus dysgalactiae and coliform bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae occurred more often in herds with a high bulk milk SCC but coliform bacteria in herds with a low bulk milk SCC. In Croatia SCC as well as number of pathogens from 2003 to 2007 decreased. Mean SCC in 2003 and 2007 were 209.063 and 165.216 respectively and mean number of pathogens microbes in raw milk were 236.958 and 54.049 respectively. In 1996 number of intrammamary infections caused by contagious-pathogens were 14.6% and by environmental pathogens 5.9%, but in 2004 they were 13.6% and 8.4% respectively.

Epidemiological data; intrammamary infection in cattle; quantitative analysis; Croatia

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