engleski

Influence of soil, fertilization and genotype on yield and yield components of maize grain (Zea mays L.)

Yield differences of maize hybrides can result from unequal uptake of biogenic elements. Genetic specific quality comprises many morphological, and of course, biochemical and physiological genotype differences. Morphological characteristics, and therefore most yield components, are genotype characteristics. However, the influence of agroecological cultivation conditions on grain yield, observed through interaction of genotype and locality has not been thoroughly investigated. In conditions of eastern Croatia nine maize hybrides were grown (FAO 500:OSSK 407, OSSK 575, Bc 572, FAO 600: OSSK 644, Bc 66-61, Zg SK 602 A, FAO 700: OSSK 713, Bc 778, Zg SK 701) on two soil types: eutric cambisol and eugley during two year period. Field experiments were established by split-split plot method in five repetitions. Size of basic plot was 28 m2. Uniform basic fertilization was done, overall, with the following amounts of nutrients: 173 kg of N ha-1, 121 kg of P2O5 ha- 1 and 121 kg K2O ha-1 in both research years. In the investigated hybrides, grain yield per hectare, grain yield per maize cob, ear of corn share in cob mass, mass of 1000 grains and concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in grain, was estimated. Significant influence of genotype and soil type on yield components was determined, and their interaction was confirmed in both research years. Obtained research results suggest justifiability of differentiated mineral nutrient application in maize production since investigated hybrides specifically reacted on cultivation conditions (soil type and year) by accumulating nutrient elements, changing phenotype characteristics and yield components. Therefore, in respect of choice of soil and adequate fertilization we can have an influence on yield increases.

maize hybrides ; yield components ; yield

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