engleski

Profitability of winter wheat production influenced by liming and fertilization

Winter wheat and maize are the most important cereal in Republic of Croatia. Cereals participate with two thirds in land sawn, while wheat production participates in cereal production roughly with 25%. Very unfavorable data is impermissible low 4, 11 t ha-1 average wheat yield in Croatia, 47% lower than EU-25 average. Also, soil acidity in eastern Croatia is one of the most important limiting factors of the field crops yield. Therefore this paper was aimed to investigate influence of liming and fertilization on wheat yield and on wheat production profitability. The paper is based on three filed trials conducted in eastern Croatia. Two filed trials were set up on Donji Miholjac (DM) and Zelcin (ZE) sites. The third trial was set up on spring of 2003 at Rakitovica (RA) site. All three trials were limed: 0 and 10 t ha-1 carbocalk and fertilized. Rakitovica trial had one additional lime rate of 20 t ha-1 carbocalk and doubled P2O5 fertilization. The crop rotation on sites was: DM and ZE maize in 2003 and winter wheat in 2004, RA white cabbage in 2003, maize in 2004 and winter wheat in 2005. All experiments were economically analyzed. Conducted experiments confirmed that fertilization and liming effected yield and production profitability regardless to considering impact of liming and fertilization as single or aggregate effect. The aggregate impact of liming and fertilization increased yield from 2, 7 (control) to 6, 7 t ha-1 in 2004 year and single effect of liming or fertilization increased yield from 4, 7 to 5, 5 or from 2, 0 to 6, 8 t ha-1, respectively in 2005 year. Cost analysis shows that share of fertilizer in total production costs were from 7% (liming) up to 55% (doubled liming and phosphorus fertilization). Moreover, costs calculation based on computer model for optimal fertilization implicates lower costs and higher profitability of wheat production. The aggregate profit analysis for all three experiments verified significantly lowest profit on control treatments, while any fertilization or liming treatment would increase profit. Optimal fertilization on all three sites would result in doubled profit.

liming ; fertilization ; winter wheat ; profitability

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