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THE ROLE OF HEMOGLOBIN A1c IN EARLY DETECTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE

In this study, body mass index (BMI), oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were observed and compared in 300 subjects. The subjects were divided into three groups according to glucose tolerance test results: group A, subjects with normal oGTT ; group B, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance ; and group C, diabetic patients ; and into three subgroups according to BMI: subgroup 1, BMI ť24 ; subgroup 2, BMI 25-29 ; and subgroup 3, BMI &#136; 30. Results showed 88% of group B and 89% of group C subjects to be overweight or obese. Student's t-test revealed no statistically significant difference in HbA1c values between subgroups (p > 0.05). HbA1c values showed a very high statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between groups A and C, and a high statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) between groups B and C, confirming that HbA1c does not depend on the subject's body weight, but exclusively on the blood glucose level. The proportion of 21.60% of subjects with increased HbA1c values in group A, and 8% of subjects with normal HbA1c values in group C could not be explained by simple comparison of oGTT results and HbA1c findings. Elevated HbA1c values in groups B and C increased the level of certainty of the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus, indicating that HbA1c can be used as an additional indicator for accurate diagnosis, but its specificity as an independent diagnostic criterion is inadequate to make the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus.

diabetes mellitus; impaired glucose tolerance; body mass index; hemoglobin A1c

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